So after watching a talk at Defcon 23 about the Tracking Point rifle scope (When IoT Attacks:
Hacking A Linux-Powered Rifle
) I got interested and wanted to know what was in budget for some rifle hacking myself. What was identified in this talk was that it was possible to remotely change the point of impact of the bullet by adjusting the ballistic coefficient of the round within the riflescope settings. This meant that it was possible to aim at one target but the bullet to hit somewhere else.

Well this is where the ATN X-sight came in to play. As an avid shooter already I had seen one of these scopes at my local store, and decided that they were pretty neat and at a price point that I could afford that would allow me to enter the night vision world. Before I splashed the cash I did some research on the device first and found a helpful (until I got banned) group devoted to these scopes on Facebook. Over the course of a few months I asked questions such as:

  • Can you role back the ATN firmware to an older version?
  • What services are running on the scope?
  • Has anyone been able to look into the firmware binaries?
  • Has anyone modified the stock firmware to offer extra functionality?

Side note: Well, I ended up getting banned, and I’m not sure by which admin, didn’t even give me a warning. Playing with a device that I own is not against the law. Many people do it in order to improve the device. When ATN stop supporting this product (and they will) members of that group will be running to guys like me for help in order to continue getting life out of the product.

Anyway, back to the point. I managed to pick up a second hand ATN X-Sight from a fellow shooter in the shooting community for a bargain price. AP, if you’re reading this many thanks for the sight. I hope the Black Label Gunpowder Proof rum tasted good?

I know you’re by now wondering what this scope looks like so I better give you a photo of the thing.
IMG_3120

When you look through the scope you get a reticle and some extra information at the top such as wifi status, gps status, bearing (compass), time and so on…
IMG_3124

Externally the device has a battery compartment, microSD port (32GB max), microUSB (Micro-B USB) and a microHDMI out.
1231

For more details about the device and how it works see the online manual here.

Well before the scope arrived I started to play with the firmware using common *nix tools. I managed to find a repo online contain all the version of the firmware for the ATN X-sight. Unfortunately I lost the link for the repo, but that was after I downloaded the bins myself first. Here they are should anyone need them. As of writing (24th Nov 2015) the latest version is 1.8.07.343 (known in the X-sight community just as 343).

The first tool I decided to use was binwalk in order to see if could do any magic for me. I’ve not used this tool before but a quick look at the homepage found me the Quick Start Guide on github.

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root@kali:~/Desktop/xSightFirmware# binwalk -tMre xsight1.8.07.343.bin

Scan Time:     2015-10-23 13:36:18
Target File:   xsight1.8.07.343.bin
MD5 Checksum:  9488a5a25ad7dea2ca942c980bb47182
Signatures:    285

DECIMAL       HEXADECIMAL     DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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                              non-interlaced
35734896      0x2214570       PNG image, 16 x 16, 8-bit gray+alpha,
                              non-interlaced
35735472      0x22147B0       PNG image, 16 x 16, 8-bit/color RGBA,
                              non-interlaced
35736878      0x2214D2E       HTML document header
35738729      0x2215469       HTML document footer
35739696      0x2215830       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
36171552      0x227EF20       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
36475686      0x22C9326       Copyright string: "
(c) 2002-2010, Jouni Malinen
                              <j@w1.fi> and contributorsj@w1.fi> and
                              contributors"
36493736      0x22CD9A8       LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D,
                              dictionary size: 16777216 bytes, missing
                              uncompressed size
36560802      0x22DDFA2       XML document, version: "
1.0"
36563394      0x22DE9C2       XML document, version: "
1.0"
36566949      0x22DF7A5       XML document, version: "
1.0"
36567984      0x22DFBB0       XML document, version: "
1.0"
36568236      0x22DFCAC       LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D,
                              dictionary size: 2097152 bytes, missing
                              uncompressed size
36584784      0x22E3D50       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
36605168      0x22E8CF0       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
36768896      0x2310C80       LZMA compressed data, properties: 0xB7,
                              dictionary size: 16777216 bytes, uncompressed
                              size: 50331648 bytes
36769456      0x2310EB0       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
36798227      0x2317F13       Copyright string: "
(c) 2004-2011, Jouni Malinen
                              <j@w1.fi> and contributorsj@w1.fi> and
                              contributors"
36823096      0x231E038       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
36836615      0x2321507       Copyright string: "
(c) 2004-2010, Jouni Malinen
                              <j@w1.fi> and contributorsj@w1.fi> and
                              contributors"
36846232      0x2323A98       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
37240172      0x2383D6C       LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D,
                              dictionary size: 2097152 bytes, missing
                              uncompressed size
37435016      0x23B3688       LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D,
                              dictionary size: 16777216 bytes, missing
                              uncompressed size
37478311      0x23BDFA7       Copyright string: "
(c) 2003-2011, Jouni Malinen
                              <j@w1.fi> and contributorsj@w1.fi> and
                              contributors"
37501256      0x23C3948       ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
37802408      0x240D1A8       LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x89,
                              dictionary size: 16777216 bytes, uncompressed
                              size: 33554432 bytes
37893128      0x2423408       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37896705      0x2424201       HTML document header
37896838      0x2424286       HTML document footer
37897120      0x24243A0       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37898448      0x24248D0       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37901056      0x2425300       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37901976      0x2425698       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37904744      0x2426168       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37907320      0x2426B78       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37908240      0x2426F10       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37909496      0x24273F8       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37910007      0x24275F7       Copyright string: "
(C) 2013, Ambarella Inc."
37916984      0x2429138       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37918240      0x2429620       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37920160      0x2429DA0       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37938440      0x242E508       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37939016      0x242E748       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37940176      0x242EBD0       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37940720      0x242EDF0       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37942000      0x242F2F0       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37942896      0x242F670       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37943296      0x242F800       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37943728      0x242F9B0       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37946056      0x24302C8       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37954960      0x2432590       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37958712      0x2433438       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37959840      0x24338A0       HTML document header
37960060      0x243397C       HTML document footer
37960344      0x2433A98       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
37963840      0x2434840       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
38784597      0x24FCE55       LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D,
                              dictionary size: 16777216 bytes, missing
                              uncompressed size
39001936      0x2531F50       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39022784      0x25370C0       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39029432      0x2538AB8       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39054832      0x253EDF0       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39076720      0x2544370       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39099888      0x2549DF0       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39104720      0x254B0D0       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39214448      0x2565D70       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39350776      0x25871F8       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39382344      0x258ED48       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39435224      0x259BBD8       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39485832      0x25A8188       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39516888      0x25AFAD8       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39534696      0x25B4068       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39584680      0x25C03A8       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39591328      0x25C1DA0       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39600656      0x25C4210       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39626105      0x25CA579       Copyright string: "
(C) 2005-2011 by Zack T
                              Smith."
39645424      0x25CF0F0       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
39652691      0x25D0D53       mcrypt 2.2 encrypted data, algorithm:
                              blowfish-448, mode: CBC, keymode: 8bit
39996395      0x2624BEB       OpenSSL encryption, salted, salt: 0x2D252D32357300
40021949      0x262AFBD       HTML document header
40022179      0x262B0A3       HTML document footer
40040876      0x262F9AC       LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D,
                              dictionary size: 2097152 bytes, missing
                              uncompressed size
40070367      0x2636CDF       Private key in DER format (PKCS#8),
40070685      0x2636E1D       Private key in DER format (PKCS#8),
40071293      0x263707D       Private key in DER format (PKCS#8),
40072484      0x2637524       Private key in DER format (PKCS#8),
40082304      0x2639B80       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
40304648      0x2670008       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
40319424      0x26739C0       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
40350048      0x267B160       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
40357944      0x267D038       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
40395507      0x26862F3       Copyright string: "
(C) 2001 Erik Andersen
                              <andersen@codepoet.org>en@codepoet.org>"
40409610      0x2689A0A       Unix home path string: "
/home/ftp:/bin/sh"
40409742      0x2689A8E       Unix home path string: "
/home/default:/bin/sh"
40411767      0x268A277       mcrypt 2.2 encrypted data, algorithm:
                              blowfish-448, mode: CBC, keymode: 8bit
40411855      0x268A2CF       mcrypt 2.2 encrypted data, algorithm:
                              blowfish-448, mode: CBC, keymode: 8bit
40412031      0x268A37F       mcrypt 2.2 encrypted data, algorithm:
                              blowfish-448, mode: CBC, keymode: 8bit
40412104      0x268A3C8       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40412576      0x268A5A0       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40414224      0x268AC10       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40414760      0x268AE28       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40417032      0x268B708       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40418272      0x268BBE0       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40421680      0x268C930       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40426512      0x268DC10       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40426896      0x268DD90       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40427320      0x268DF38       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40432816      0x268F4B0       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40433208      0x268F638       Executable script, shebang: "
/usr/bin/perl"
40439208      0x2690DA8       Executable script, shebang: "
/bin/sh"
40439600      0x2690F30       Executable script, shebang: "
/usr/bin/perl -w"
40439670      0x2690F76       Copyright string: "
(c) 2002 The OpenTSA Project.
                              All rights reserved. All rights reserved."
40482544      0x269B6F0       ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV)
40877036      0x26FBBEC       LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D,
                              dictionary size: 2097152 bytes, missing
                              uncompressed size
41039140      0x2723524       Zip multi-volume archive data, at least PKZIP
                              v2.50 to extract
41312096      0x2765F60       CramFS filesystem, little endian size 950912
                              version #2 hole_support CRC 0x62656572, edition
                              950934, 0 blocks, 873122 files


Scan Time:     2015-10-23 13:37:14
Target File:   _xsight1.8.07.343.bin.extracted/8D1C24
MD5 Checksum:  21b60e42a19e6cdab004f7915287d54a
Signatures:    285

DECIMAL       HEXADECIMAL     DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17132         0x42EC          MPFS (Microchip) filesystem, version 61.121,
                              17162 file entries
17150         0x42FE          MPFS (Microchip) filesystem, version 95.77, 21839
                              file entries
26473         0x6769          MPFS (Microchip) filesystem, version 61.121, 8970
                              file entries
26490         0x677A          MPFS (Microchip) filesystem, version 95.80, 21327
                              file entries

Sadly, this turned up blank as all the firmware reversing tutorials (1,2,3,4,5) I had found on the net were pretty different to this.

I decided to check the firmware for strings, this is usually the first thing I do when performing tasks like this but I decided due to the size(~40MB) of the firmware files that this would be a time consuming process. This was confirmed when I realised the output from running strings against the firmware resulted in over 100,000 results:

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root@kali:~/Desktop/xSightFirmware# strings -8 xsight1.8.07.343.bin | tee strings.343.txt | wc -l
117281

Looking into my strings.343.txt file allowed me to narrow down my search further:

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root@kali:~/Desktop/xSightFirmware# grep "init.d" strings.343.txt
Warning, call load_dsp_init_data too early.
pdm_init_diskmanager failed
callback app, pwr_beep_init_done
callback app, aenc_init_done
callback app, adec_init_done
HLS did not inited!
 t dspinfo dsp_info                 - dsp init data
streaming_api is not inited
%s: streaming_api is not inited
 amba_streaming Already inited!
 UVC Already inited!
uvc_api is not inited
%s: uvc_api is not inited
AMBA Network IO stream was inited before
AMBA LNX FIO stream was inited before
Example Network IO stream was already inited
%s: example_network_stream is NOT inited. status:%d
AMP_init_de_params
 img_init_de_params_multi : Wrong type!!!
AMBA_YUVIMG: yuv_init_device() fail
sync_dsp_init_data() fail
========== sync dsp_init_data ===========
Warning, call init_dsp_cmd_msg_param too early.
AMBA Avimux was inited before
AMBA Null IO stream was inited before
AMBA Dummymux was inited before
AMBA Custommux was inited before
AMBA isodemux fmt was inited before
AMBA tsmux was inited before, maybe avchd already init
%s: AMBA movmux was inited before..
%s: AMBA mp4mux was inited before..
%s: AMBA m4amux was inited before..
%s: AMBA msmp4mux was inited before..
%s: AMBA 3gpmux was inited before..
boss: initrd = %08x, %08x
AMBA img sensor2 has been inited.
aini_chksta_all_init_done
aini_chksta_enc_init_done
aini_chksta_dec_init_done
aini_chksta_infra_init_done
init_date_sort_file
noinitrd
retain_initrd
keepinitrd
<2>initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - disabling it.
/initrd.image
<5>Trying to move old root to /initrd ...
/root/initrd
/initrd does not exist. Ignored.
/initrd.image
<6>rootfs image is not initramfs (%s); looks like an initrd
/initrd.image
ambarella_init_dma
tty_init_dev
<3>INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd
<6>tty_init_dev: ldisc open failed, clearing slot %d
sock_init_data
init_dummy_netdev
xdr_init_decode
FIXME: unsafe to do th1_stack_check_init during th2 mode transitiono
FIXME: unsafe to do th1_stack_check_init during th3 mode transitiono
still_rm_init_dma-reg() START
still_rm_init_dma-reg() END
still_rm_init_dyn_smem. END w=%d
still_rm_init_dyn_smem(): STILL_SMEM_COMMON_ALL: base=0x%x, size=%d
still_rm_init_dyn_smem(): STILL_SMEM_COMMON_1 base=0x%x, size=%d
still_rm_init_dyn_smem(): extended STILL_SMEM_COMMON_1 and size_extra=%d
still_rm_init_dyn_smem. STILL_SMEM_COMMON_1 usage=%d
still_rm_init_dyn_smem. START w=%d
still_mctf_init_dma: START >>> cmd_seq=%d smem_index_base=0x%x, dram_index_base=0x%x
still_mctf_init_dma: END <<<
TH%d MEMD memd_hl_init_dma: end at , %d
TH%d MEMD memd_hl_init_dma: start at , %d
init_dpb() rd %d, wr %d
init_dummy_netdev
Not inited yet!
ar6000_dbglog_init_done
        elif [ -e /etc/init.d/S51hibernation ]; then
main: Exam_framer inited!
main: AmbaStream inited!
Not inited yet!
already inited...
# Note: BusyBox init doesn't support runlevels.  The runlevels field is
ttyS1::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
# Start all init scripts in /etc/init.d
for i in /etc/init.d/S??* ;do
/etc/init.d/rcS

This didn’t really help me in identifying what’s running on the device so I decided to actually start physically connecting to the device.
The device has the options to act as a wireless hotspot which you then connect your phone to in order to remotely view the screen by using the provided ATN Obsidian application. This application allows you to configure the settings of the device and view the stored photos and videos (did I not mention this scope allows you to record your hunting activities?).
screen520x924-2screen520x924

Rather than connect my iPhone to the sight I instead connected my laptop so that I could see what services are visible on the device. I was expecting to see SSH, HTTPS and some form of streaming service for the video. What I actually found was telnet, HTTP and some other clear text services.

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Nmap scan report for 192.168.42.1
Host is up (0.012s latency).
Not shown: 65529 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
23/tcp   open  telnet  BusyBox telnetd
53/tcp   open  domain  dnsmasq 2.59
| dns-nsid:
|_  bind.version: dnsmasq-2.59
80/tcp   open  http    Cherokee httpd 1.2.101b150723_
|_http-server-header: Cherokee/1.2.101b150723_ (UNIX)
|_http-title: Site doesn't have a title (text/html; charset=utf-8).
554/tcp  open  rtsp?
|_rtsp-methods: OPTIONS, DESCRIBE, SETUP, TEARDOWN, PLAY, PAUSE, GET_PARAMETER, SET_PARAMETER
7878/tcp open  unknown
8787/tcp open  unknown
MAC Address: 34:28:F0:XX:XX:XX (ATN International Limited)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 2.6.X|3.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3
OS details: Linux 2.6.38 - 3.0
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: Host: buildroot; OS: Unix

Nmap scan report for 192.168.42.1
Host is up (0.013s latency).
Scanned at 2015-10-23 14:18:47 BST for 1091s
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT   STATE         SERVICE
53/udp open          domain
67/udp open|filtered dhcps
MAC Address: 34:28:F0:XX:XX:XX (ATN International Limited)

I connected to the web service bring provided by Cherokee HTTP Daemon on TCP port 80. This just appeared to be a presentation of the memory card contents and a few other (possibly symlinked) directories.
Screen Shot 2015-10-23 at 14.18.02

I wanted to see if i could identify the URL for the RTSP service running on TCP port 554. NMAP has an NSE script that can do this, sadly it didn’t come up trumps:

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Nmap scan report for 192.168.42.1
Host is up (0.0054s latency).
PORT    STATE SERVICE
554/tcp open  rtsp
| rtsp-url-brute:
|   An error occurred while testing the following URLs
|_    rtsp://192.168.42.1/cam1/h264

The telnet service presented a login option so i thought it was worth looking through the firmware to see if i could identify the password. I proceeded to see if I could identify the root password hash in order to brute force that to try and gain access via the telnet service.

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root@kali:~/Desktop/xSightFirmware# grep "root:" strings.343.txt
nfs_get_root: getattr error = %d
nfs_get_root: get root inode failed
nfs_get_root: get root dentry failed
<5>UBIFS: reserved for root:  %llu bytes (%llu KiB)
cannot chdir to filesystem root: %s
      chroot: 'Chroot jail',
document_root:             %s
root:x:0:
root::10933:0:99999:7:::
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh
null        root:root 666 @chmod 666 $MDEV
zero        root:root 666
full        root:root 666
random      root:root 444
urandom     root:root 444
hwrandom    root:root 444
grsec       root:root 660
kmem        root:root 640
mem     root:root 640
port        root:root 640
console     root:tty 600 @chmod 600 $MDEV
ptmx        root:tty 666
pty.*       root:tty 660
tty     root:tty 666
tty[0-9]*   root:tty 660
vcsa*[0-9]* root:tty 660
ttyS[0-9]*  root:root 660
pcm.*       root:audio 660 =snd/
control.*   root:audio 660 =snd/
midi.*      root:audio 660 =snd/
seq     root:audio 660 =snd/
timer       root:audio 660 =snd/
event[0-9]+ root:root 640 =input/
mice        root:root 640 =input/
mouse[0-9]  root:root 640 =input/

Well, blimey, the password hash section is blank(see lines 9,10,11), surely there is a root password? Nope!

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phillips321@Macbook ~> telnet 192.168.42.1
Trying 192.168.42.1...
Connected to 192.168.42.1.
Escape character is '^]'.

buildroot login: root
~ # netstat -lnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7878            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      725/network_message
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:554             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      756/AmbaOnDemandRTS
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      735/cherokee-worker
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8787            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      725/network_message
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:53              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      971/dnsmasq
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:23              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      687/telnetd
netstat: /proc/net/tcp6: No such file or directory
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:53              0.0.0.0:*                           971/dnsmasq
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           971/dnsmasq
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7877            0.0.0.0:*                           725/network_message
netstat: /proc/net/udp6: No such file or directory
netstat: /proc/net/raw6: No such file or directory
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node PID/Program name    Path

Ok, now that I had root access to the device I could start investigating the app. What I decided to do was monitor the comms coming to the device using tcpdump. As this is a cut down OS running busybox it was clear that tcpdump wasn’t present. A quick google found me precompiled tcpdump for android (http://www.androidtcpdump.com). I download this, uploaded it to the memory card and then navigated to the directory /var/www/DCIM/ in order to run it.

And this is where this post will end. But to give you a snippet this is what I’ve got planned for part 2:
Screen Shot 2015-11-19 at 14.07.16

Further reading:
http://copter.sovgvd.info/a/Xiaomi-Yi-protocol-remote-control
https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Sandvik-When-IoT-Attacks-Hacking-A-Linux-Powered-Rifle.pdf
http://www.hackseagatesatellite.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Basic-Mod-Step-1-SSH.pdf
https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-21/dc-21-presentations/Manning-Lanier/DEFCON-21-Manning-Lanier-GoPro-or-GTFO-Updated.pdf

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